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Bibiliography
During the past fifty years, thousands of universities and research
institutions have studied the phenomenon of subliminal programming. There are
strong indications that this type of communication can reinforce pre-existing
motives, drives and values.
- Advertising Research Foundation (195 8). 7he applications of subliminal
perception in advertising. New York: Author.
- Alphasonics (1990). 7he truth about subliminal tapes. Los Angeles, CA--
author.
- Attali, J. (1985). Noise: the political economy of music. Manchester:
Manchester University Press.
- Auday, B. (1992). Subliminal tapes: Controlled tests. Skeptical Inquirer,
16, 349-351.
- Auday, B.C., Mellett, J.L., and Williams, P.M. (1991) Self-improvement using
subliminal self-help audiotapes: Consumer benefit or consumer fraud? Paper
presented to the Western Psychological Assn., San Francisco, April, 199 1.
- Begg, I.M., Needham, DR., and Bookbinder, M. (1993) Do backward messages
unconsciously affect listeners? No. Canadian Journal of experimental Psychology,
47(1):1-14.
- Beyerstein, B. & E. Eich (1993). Subliminal self-help tapes: promises,
promises..., The Rational Enquirer, 6(1).
- Beyerstein, B. & E. Marchant (1993). Subliminal messages and smoking
cessation. Technical Report. Dept. of Psychology, Simon Fraser University.
- Borgeat, F., Elie, R, & Chabot, R. (1985). Psychophysiological responses
to masked auditory stimuli. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 22-27.
- Brand, H.W. (1979). Subliminal advertising. Nine 77wses. Bonn:
Zentralausschuss der Werbewirts Chaft.
- British Psychological Society (1992). Subliminal messages in recorded
auditory tapes, and other 'unconscious learning' phenomena. Leicester, England:
author.
- Cheesman, J., & Merikic., P.M. (1984). Priming with and without
awareness. Perception & Psychophysics, 36, 387-395.
- Cheesman, I., & Merikle, P.M. (1986). Distinguishing conscious from
unconscious perceptual processes. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40, 343-367.
- Corrigan, R.E. & Becker, H.C. (I 958). Subliminal communication
processes. Status and possibilities. New Orleans: Precon Process and Equipment
Corp.
- Danzig, F. (1962). Subliminal advertising - Today it's just historic
flashback for researcher Vicary. Advertising Age, September 17.
- Debner, J.A- & Jacoby, L.L. (1994). Unconscious perception: Attention,
awareness, and control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
and Cognition, 20, 304-317.
- Dixon, N.F. (1971). Subliminal perception. 7he nature of a controversy.
London: MacGraw-Hill.
- Dixon, N.F. (1981). Preconscious processing. London: Wiley.
- Eagle, M. (1959). The effects of subliminal stimuli of aggressive content
upon conscious cognition. Journal of Personality, 27, 578-600.
- Eich, E., & Hyman, R. (199 I). Subliminal self-help. In D. Druckmm &
R. Bjork (Eds.), Press
- Fink, A.A. (195 7). Questions about subliminal advertising. New York:
Author.
- Fowler, C. A. (1986). An operational definition of conscious awareness must
be responsible to subjective experience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 33 -
35.
- Garcia-Matilla, E. (I 990). Subliminal.- Escrito en muestro cerebro. San
Fernando de Henares, Madrid: Bitacora.
- Glucksberg, S. (1982). Not seeing is believing: Perception without awareness
[Review of Preconscious processing]. Contemporary Psychology, 270, 856-858.
- Goldiamond, 1. (195 8). Indicators of perception : I. Subliminal perception,
subception, unconscious perception: An analysis in terms of psychophysical
indicator methodology. Psychological Bulletin, 55: 3 73 -41 1.
- Gonzalez, J.L. (1988). Persuasion subliminal y sus tecnicas. Madrid:
Bibliotech Nueva.
- Greenwald, A.G. (1992). New look 3: Unconscious cognition reclaimed.
American Psychologist, 47, 766-779.
- Greenwald, A-G. (1992). Subliminal semantic activation and subliminal snake
oil. In M.N. Eagle (Chair), Subliminal Influence: For Better or For Nought?
Symposium conducted at the 100th annual convention of the American Psychological
Association, Washington.
- Greenwald, A.G., Klinger, M.R., & Schuh, E. (1994). Measuring
unconscious influences. In J.D. Cohen & Schooler, (Eds.), Scientific
Approaches to the Question of Consciousness.
- Greenwald, A.G., Spangenberg, E.R., Pratkanis, A.R, & Eskenazi, J.
(1991). Double-blind tests of subliminal self-help audio tapes. Psychological
Science, 2, 119-122.
- Guthrie, G. and Wiener, M. (1966). Subliminal perception or the perception
of partial cues with pictorial stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 3, 619-628.
- Handel, S. (1989). Listening. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
- Heiman, G.W., Leo, R.J., Leighbody, G., & Bowler, K (1986). Word
intelligibility decrements and the comprehension of time-compressed speech.
Perception & Psychophysics, 40, 407-411.
- Henley, S. (1975). Cross-modal effects of subliminal verbal stimuli.
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 16, 30-36.
- Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation without conscious identification in
dichotic listening, parafoveal vision, and visual masking: A survey and
appraisal. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 9, 1-23.
- Institute of Practitioners in Advertising (1958). Subliminal Communication.
London: Author.
- Key, W.B. (1973) Subliminal seduction. New York: Signet.
- Key, W.B. (1980) The clam-plate orgy and other subliminal techniques for
manipulating your behavior. NY: Signet.
Kihlstrom, J.F. (1987). The
cognitive unconscious. Science, 237, 1445-1452,
- King, P., & Behnke, R- (1989). The effect of time-compressed speech on
comprehensive, interpretive, and short-term listening. Human Communication
Research, 15, 429-443.
- Kolers, P.A., (1957). Subliminal stipulation in problem solving. American
Journal of Psychology, 70, 437-441.
- Kunst-Wilson, W.R., & Zajonc, R.B. (1990). Affective discrimination of
stimuli that cannot be recognized. Science, 207, 557-558.
- Leeman, F. (1976). Hidden images. New York: Harry N. Abrahams.
- Marcel, AJ. (1983). Conscious and unconscious perception: Experiments on
visual masking and word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 197-237.
- McConnell, J.V., R-L. Cutler, and E.B. McNeil. (1958). Subliminal
stimulation: An overview. American Psychologist, 13: 229-244.
- McConnell, J. V., (1989), Reinvention of subliminal persuasion, Skeptical
Inquirer, 13, 428.
- Merikle, P.M. (1983). Subliminal perception reaffirmed [Review of
Preconscious processing]. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 370, 324-326.
- Merikle, P.M. (1984). Toward a definition of awareness. Bulletin of the
Psychonomic Society, 22, 449-450.
- Merikle, P.M. (1988). Subliminal auditory tapes: An evaluation Psychology
& Marketing, 46, 355-372.
- Merikle, P.M. (1995). Psychological investigations of unconscious
perception. Paper presented at the Fa11 1995 meeting of the American
Psychoanalytic Association. New York.
- Merikle, P.M. & Jordens, S. (1996). Measuring unconscious influences. In
J.D. Cohen & Schooler, (Eds.), Scientific Approaches to the Question of
Consciousness. Hillsdale, NJ. Eribaum.
- Merikle, P.M., & Reingold, E.M. (1992). Measuring unconscious perceptual
processes. in R. Bornstein & T. S. Pitman (Eds.), Perception without
awareness: Cognitive, clinical, and social perspectives. New York: Guilford.
- Merikle, P.M., & Skanes, R (1992). Subliminal self-help audio tapes: A
search for placebo effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 772-776,
- Miller, G.A. (1947). The masking of speech. Psychological Bulletin, 44,
105-129.
- Moore, T. E. (1982). Subliminal advertising: What you see is what you get.
Journal of Marketing, 46, 38-47.
- Moore, T.E. (1988) The case against subliminal manipulation, Psychology and
Marketing 5(4): 297-316.
- Moore, T.E. (1991). Subliminal auditory self-help tapes. In G.M. Rosen
(Chair), Self-Care: A symposium on self-help therapies. Symposium conducted at
the 99th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, San
Francisco, CA.
- Moore, T.E. (1992a). Subliminal perception: Facts and fallacies. Skeptical
Inquirer, 16, 273-281.
- Moore, T.E. (1992b). Subliminal self-help: Fact or artifact? In M.N. Eagle
(Chair), Subliminal Influence: For Better or For Nought? Symposium conducted at
the 100th annual convention of the American Psychological Association,
Washington, DC.
- Myers, F.W.H (1976). The subliminal consciousness. New York: Arno Press.
- Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive Psychology. New York: Appleton.
- Nimmo, D. & Combs, J.E. (1980). Subliminal Politics. Myths and
mythomakers in America. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
- Nisbett, R. & Wilson, T.D. (1977). Telling more than we can know. Verbal
reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-254.
- Packard, V. (1957). The Hidden Persuaders. New York: Pocket Books.
- Palumbo, R. A. (1980). Fear of success in adult males: the effects of
subliminal messages derived from two theoretical models. Hofstra University PhD
Thesis.
"Phone now," said CBC subliminally, but nobody did. (1958).
Advertising Age, February 10, p 8.
- Pratkanis, A. (1992). The cargo cult science of subliminal persuasion.
Skeptical Inquirer, 16, 260-272.
- Pratkanis, A.R., and A.G. Greenwald, (1988). Recent perspectives on
unconscious processing: still no marketing applications. Psychology &
Marketing, 5: 339-355.
- Pratkanis, A.R., J. Eskenazi, and A.G. Greenwald, (1990). "What You Expect
Is What You Believe (But Not Necessarily What You Get): On the Effectiveness of
Subliminal Self-help Audiotapes." Paper presented at the meeting of the Western
Psychological Association, Los Angeles, Calif., April.
- Reder, L.M., & J.S.Gordon (1994). Subliminal perception: nothing
special, cognitively speaking. In J. Cohen and J. Schooler (eds)., Cognitive and
neuropsychological approaches to the study of consciousness. Hillsdale, NJ:
Erlbaum.
- Robinson, H. (1994). Perception London: Routledge.
- Russell, T.G., Rowe, W., & Smouse, A. (1991). Subliminal self-help tapes
and academic achievement. An evaluation. Journal of Counseling &
Development, 69, 359-362.
- Silvermann, L.H. & Spiro, R.H. (1967). "Further investigation of the
effect of subliminal aggressive stimulation on the ego functioning of
schizofrenics". Journal of nervous and mental disease. 161:6, 379-392.
Smith, G.J., Spence, D.P., and Klein, GS., (1959). Subliminal effects of
verbal stimuli. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 167-177.
- Sutil-Martin D.L. (1992). Mensajes subliminales en la publicidad. Ph. D.
Dissertation. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
- Synodinos, N.E. (1988). Review and appraisal of subliminal perception within
the context of signal detection theory. Psychology and Marketing, 5(4) 317 -
336.
- Urban, M. (1992). Auditory subliminal stimulation: A re-examination.
Perceptual,& Motor Skills, 74, 515-541.
- Veeder, G-K. (1980). The influence of subliminal suggestion on the response
of two films. New York: Arno Press.
- Vokey, J.R. and Read, J.D. (1985). Subliminal messages: Between the devil
and the media, American Psychologist, 40(11), 1231-1239.
- Wassmuth, B. (1981). Comprehensive bibliography on subliminal perception and
subliminal advertising as of July 1981. University of Missouri..
- Weir, W., (1984). Another look at subliminal "facts". Advertising Age,
October 15, P. 46.
- Williams, A. (1938). Perception of subliminal visual stimuli. Journal of
Psychology, 6,187-199.
- Worthington, A.G. (1964). An attempt to scale subliminal visual stimuli
Psychonomic Science, 1.
- Zwosta, M.F. & Zenhausern R. (1973). Application of signal detection
theory to subliminal and supraliminal accessory stimulation. Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 37, 251-256.
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